-- Core –

✔

Describe, qualitatively, the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases at constant pressure.

Describe some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion.

Know that a rise in the temperature of an object increases its internal energy.

Describe melting and boiling in terms of energy input without a change in temperature.

Know the melting and boiling temperatures for water at standard atmospheric pressure.

Describe condensation and solidification in terms of particles.

Describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more-energetic particles from the surface of a liquid.

Know that evaporation causes cooling of a liquid.

-- Extended –

✔

Explain, in terms of the motion and arrangement of particles, the relative order of magnitudes of the expansion of solids, liquids and gases as their temperatures rise.

Describe an increase in temperature of an object in terms of an increase in the average kinetic energies of all of the particles in the object.

Define specific heat capacity as the energy required per unit mass per unit temperature increase; recall and use the equation c = ΔE/(mΔθ).

Describe experiments to measure the specific heat capacity of a solid and a liquid.

Describe the differences between boiling and evaporation.

Describe how temperature, surface area and air movement over a surface affect evaporation.

Explain the cooling of an object in contact with an evaporating liquid.