GCSE Physics – Symbols, units and multipliers


-- Core --


Use the multipliers M (mega), k (kilo), c (centi) and m (milli).


length: symbol l, h, d, s, x; unit km, m, cm, mm


area: symbol A; unit m², cm²


volume: symbol V; unit m³, cm³, dm³


weight: symbol W; unit N


mass: symbol m, M; unit kg, g


time: symbol t; unit h, min, s


density: symbol ρ; unit g / cm³, kg / m³


speed: symbol u, v; unit km / h, m / s, cm / s


acceleration: symbol a; unit m / s²


acceleration of free fall: symbol g; unit m / s²


force: symbol F; unit N


gravitational field strength: symbol g; unit N / kg


moment of a force: unit N m


work done: symbol W; unit J, kJ, MJ


energy: symbol E; unit J, kJ, MJ, kW h


power: symbol P; unit W, kW, MW


pressure: symbol p; unit N / m², N / cm²


temperature: symbol θ, T; unit °C, K


frequency: symbol f; unit Hz, kHz


wavelength: symbol λ; unit m, cm


focal length: symbol f; unit m, cm


angle of incidence: symbol i; unit degree (°)


angle of reflection: symbol r; unit degree (°)


angle of refraction: symbol r; unit degree (°)


critical angle: symbol c; unit degree (°)


potential difference / voltage: symbol V; unit V, mV, kV


current: symbol I; unit A, mA


e.m.f.: symbol E; unit V


resistance: symbol R; unit Ω


count rate: unit counts / s, counts / min


half-life: unit s, min, h, days, weeks, years


-- Extended --


Use the multipliers G (giga), µ (micro) and n (nano).


mass: symbol m, M; unit mg


time: symbol t; unit ms, µs


spring constant: symbol k; unit N / m, N / cm


momentum: symbol p; unit kg m / s


impulse: unit N s


pressure: symbol p; unit Pa


specific heat capacity: symbol c; unit J / (g °C), J / (kg °C)


wavelength: symbol λ; unit nm


refractive index: symbol n


charge: symbol Q; unit C


Hubble constant: symbol H₀; unit s⁻¹